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Additional Maths · Trigonometry

Circular measure

CIE 06061 min read

Overview

Measuring angles in radians and finding arc lengths and sector areas.

Radians

A radian is the angle that gives an arc equal to the radius.

  • π radians = 180°
  • To convert: degrees → radians, × π/180; radians → degrees, × 180/π.

Key formulae (θ in radians)

  • Arc length: s = r θ
  • Area of a sector: A = ½ r² θ

Worked example

A sector has radius 6 cm and angle 0.5 rad:

  • Arc length = 6 × 0.5 = 3 cm
  • Area = ½ × 6² × 0.5 = 9 cm²

Common mistakes

  • Using these formulae with the angle in degrees — they only work in radians.

Exam tips

  • Learn exact radian values: 30° = π/6, 45° = π/4, 60° = π/3, 90° = π/2.

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