Types of industry
Industry is classified into four sectors:
- Primary — the extraction of raw materials from natural sources.
- Secondary — the conversion of raw materials into final goods, e.g. manufacturing.
- Tertiary — providing a service.
- Quaternary — the sectors of development and research.
Divisions of secondary industry
The secondary industry can be split into:
- Manufacturing — the making of products directly from a raw material.
- Processing — the conversion of a raw material into another form (e.g. raw tuna into canned tuna).
- Assembly — the putting together of manufactured pieces.
- Hi-tech — using advanced equipment to create complex products (e.g. car production).
The industrial system
An industrial system is made out of inputs, processes and outputs:
- Inputs — what is needed for industry.
- Processes — actions done to turn inputs into outputs.
- Outputs — the finished goods.
| Inputs | Processes | Outputs |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Moulding | Profit |
| Money | Cooling | Waste gases |
| Raw materials | Melting | Toxic substances |
Factors affecting industrial location
Factors that affect where industry is located:
- Land
- Amount of labour
- Weather and climate
- Power
- Convenience (transport)
- Distance to market
- Distance to raw materials
- Government aid or grants
Case study: an industrial factory
Pakistan Steel Complex (Pakistan, Pipri, near Karachi)
Formally opened in 1985, it is Pakistan's largest industrial factory, with a 1.1 million tonne annual production capacity.
Why locate at Pipri?
- Resources can be imported through Port Qasim (iron ore, manganese and coal).
- 50 km away is Lake Haleji, which supplies water for the steel production.
- Russia provides economic assistance in the form of technical expertise, finance and capital.
- Pipri was connected to the main Karachi–Kotri railway.
- Port Qasim is also used as a method of transport; a 2.5 km channel is open.
- Port Qasim also produced 21% of thermal power in the country, and Karachi also has a nuclear power station.